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Temperature Converter
Temperature Scale Information
Celsius (°C)
The most widely used temperature scale worldwide. Water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C at standard atmospheric pressure. Developed by Anders Celsius in 1742.
Fahrenheit (°F)
Common in the United States. Water freezes at 32°F and boils at 212°F. Developed by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit in 1724.
Kelvin (K)
The base unit of thermodynamic temperature in the SI system. Absolute zero is 0 K (-273.15°C). No degree symbol is used. Developed by Lord Kelvin in 1848.
Rankine (°R)
An absolute temperature scale using Fahrenheit-sized degrees. Absolute zero is 0°R. Primarily used in engineering applications in the US.
Rømer (°Rø)
Developed by Ole Rømer in 1701. Water freezes at 7.5°Rø and boils at 60°Rø. Historical scale, rarely used today.
Newton (°N)
Developed by Isaac Newton around 1700. Water freezes at 0°N and boils at 33°N. Historical scale with limited modern use.
Delisle (°D)
Developed by Joseph-Nicolas Delisle in 1732. Unusually, higher numbers represent colder temperatures. Water boils at 0°D and freezes at 150°D.
Réaumur (°Ré)
Developed by René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur in 1730. Water freezes at 0°Ré and boils at 80°Ré. Used historically in Europe.
Gas Mark
Used for oven temperatures, primarily in the UK. Gas Mark 1 ≈ 275°F (135°C), increasing by 25°F per mark. Common in cooking.
Leiden (°L)
A cryogenic temperature scale where 0°L corresponds to -253°C. Used primarily in low-temperature physics research.
Wedgwood (°W)
Developed by Josiah Wedgwood for measuring high temperatures in pottery kilns. 0°W ≈ 580°C. Historical scale for ceramic firing.
Conversion Formulas
Complete bidirectional conversion formulas between all temperature scales.
From Celsius (°C)
K = °C + 273.15
°F = °C × 9/5 + 32
°R = °C × 9/5 + 491.67
°Rø = °C × 21/40 + 7.5
°N = °C × 33/100
°D = (100 – °C) × 3/2
°Ré = °C × 4/5
Gas = (°C – 121.11) × 9/125
°L = °C + 253
°W = (°C – 580) × 7/130
To Celsius (°C)
°C = K – 273.15
°C = (°F – 32) × 5/9
°C = (°R – 491.67) × 5/9
°C = (°Rø – 7.5) × 40/21
°C = °N × 100/33
°C = 100 – °D × 2/3
°C = °Ré × 5/4
°C = Gas × 125/9 + 121.11
°C = °L – 253
°C = °W × 130/7 + 580
From Kelvin (K)
°C = K – 273.15
°F = K × 9/5 – 459.67
°R = K × 9/5
°Rø = (K – 273.15) × 21/40 + 7.5
°N = (K – 273.15) × 33/100
°D = (373.15 – K) × 3/2
°Ré = (K – 273.15) × 4/5
Gas = (K – 394.26) × 9/125
°L = K – 20.15
°W = (K – 853.15) × 7/130
To Kelvin (K)
K = °C + 273.15
K = (°F + 459.67) × 5/9
K = °R × 5/9
K = (°Rø – 7.5) × 40/21 + 273.15
K = °N × 100/33 + 273.15
K = 373.15 – °D × 2/3
K = °Ré × 5/4 + 273.15
K = Gas × 125/9 + 394.26
K = °L + 20.15
K = °W × 130/7 + 853.15
From Fahrenheit (°F)
°C = (°F – 32) × 5/9
K = (°F + 459.67) × 5/9
°R = °F + 459.67
°Rø = (°F – 32) × 7/24 + 7.5
°N = (°F – 32) × 11/60
°D = (212 – °F) × 5/6
°Ré = (°F – 32) × 4/9
Gas = (°F – 250) × 1/25
°L = (°F – 32) × 5/9 + 253
°W = ((°F – 32) × 5/9 – 580) × 7/130
To Fahrenheit (°F)
°F = °C × 9/5 + 32
°F = K × 9/5 – 459.67
°F = °R – 459.67
°F = (°Rø – 7.5) × 24/7 + 32
°F = °N × 60/11 + 32
°F = 212 – °D × 6/5
°F = °Ré × 9/4 + 32
°F = Gas × 25 + 250
°F = (°L – 253) × 9/5 + 32
°F = (°W × 130/7 + 580) × 9/5 + 32
From Rankine (°R)
°C = (°R – 491.67) × 5/9
K = °R × 5/9
°F = °R – 459.67
°Rø = (°R – 491.67) × 7/24 + 7.5
°N = (°R – 491.67) × 11/60
°D = (671.67 – °R) × 5/6
°Ré = (°R – 491.67) × 4/9
Gas = (°R – 709.67) × 1/25
°L = (°R – 491.67) × 5/9 + 253
°W = ((°R – 491.67) × 5/9 – 580) × 7/130
To Rankine (°R)
°R = °C × 9/5 + 491.67
°R = K × 9/5
°R = °F + 459.67
°R = (°Rø – 7.5) × 24/7 + 491.67
°R = °N × 60/11 + 491.67
°R = 671.67 – °D × 6/5
°R = °Ré × 9/4 + 491.67
°R = Gas × 25 + 709.67
°R = (°L – 253) × 9/5 + 491.67
°R = (°W × 130/7 + 580) × 9/5 + 491.67
From Rømer (°Rø)
°C = (°Rø – 7.5) × 40/21
K = (°Rø – 7.5) × 40/21 + 273.15
°F = (°Rø – 7.5) × 24/7 + 32
°R = (°Rø – 7.5) × 24/7 + 491.67
°N = (°Rø – 7.5) × 22/7
°D = (60 – °Rø) × 20/7
°Ré = (°Rø – 7.5) × 32/21
Gas = ((°Rø – 7.5) × 40/21 – 121.11) × 9/125
°L = (°Rø – 7.5) × 40/21 + 253
°W = ((°Rø – 7.5) × 40/21 – 580) × 7/130
To Rømer (°Rø)
°Rø = °C × 21/40 + 7.5
°Rø = (K – 273.15) × 21/40 + 7.5
°Rø = (°F – 32) × 7/24 + 7.5
°Rø = (°R – 491.67) × 7/24 + 7.5
°Rø = °N × 35/22 + 7.5
°Rø = 60 – °D × 7/20
°Rø = °Ré × 21/32 + 7.5
°Rø = (Gas × 125/9 + 121.11) × 21/40 + 7.5
°Rø = (°L – 253) × 21/40 + 7.5
°Rø = (°W × 130/7 + 580) × 21/40 + 7.5
From Newton (°N)
°C = °N × 100/33
K = °N × 100/33 + 273.15
°F = °N × 60/11 + 32
°R = °N × 60/11 + 491.67
°Rø = °N × 35/22 + 7.5
°D = (100 – °N × 100/33) × 3/2
°Ré = °N × 80/33
Gas = (°N × 100/33 – 121.11) × 9/125
°L = °N × 100/33 + 253
°W = (°N × 100/33 – 580) × 7/130
To Newton (°N)
°N = °C × 33/100
°N = (K – 273.15) × 33/100
°N = (°F – 32) × 11/60
°N = (°R – 491.67) × 11/60
°N = (°Rø – 7.5) × 22/35
°N = (100 – °D × 2/3) × 33/100
°N = °Ré × 33/80
°N = (Gas × 125/9 + 121.11) × 33/100
°N = (°L – 253) × 33/100
°N = (°W × 130/7 + 580) × 33/100
From Delisle (°D)
°C = 100 – °D × 2/3
K = 373.15 – °D × 2/3
°F = 212 – °D × 6/5
°R = 671.67 – °D × 6/5
°Rø = 60 – °D × 7/20
°N = (100 – °D × 2/3) × 33/100
°Ré = 80 – °D × 8/15
Gas = (100 – °D × 2/3 – 121.11) × 9/125
°L = 100 – °D × 2/3 + 253
°W = (100 – °D × 2/3 – 580) × 7/130
To Delisle (°D)
°D = (100 – °C) × 3/2
°D = (373.15 – K) × 3/2
°D = (212 – °F) × 5/6
°D = (671.67 – °R) × 5/6
°D = (60 – °Rø) × 20/7
°D = (100 – °N × 100/33) × 3/2
°D = (80 – °Ré) × 15/8
°D = (100 – (Gas × 125/9 + 121.11)) × 3/2
°D = (353 – °L) × 3/2
°D = (100 – (°W × 130/7 + 580)) × 3/2
From Réaumur (°Ré)
°C = °Ré × 5/4
K = °Ré × 5/4 + 273.15
°F = °Ré × 9/4 + 32
°R = °Ré × 9/4 + 491.67
°Rø = °Ré × 21/32 + 7.5
°N = °Ré × 33/80
°D = (80 – °Ré) × 15/8
Gas = (°Ré × 5/4 – 121.11) × 9/125
°L = °Ré × 5/4 + 253
°W = (°Ré × 5/4 – 580) × 7/130
To Réaumur (°Ré)
°Ré = °C × 4/5
°Ré = (K – 273.15) × 4/5
°Ré = (°F – 32) × 4/9
°Ré = (°R – 491.67) × 4/9
°Ré = (°Rø – 7.5) × 32/21
°Ré = °N × 80/33
°Ré = 80 – °D × 8/15
°Ré = (Gas × 125/9 + 121.11) × 4/5
°Ré = (°L – 253) × 4/5
°Ré = (°W × 130/7 + 580) × 4/5
From Gas Mark
°C = Gas × 125/9 + 121.11
K = Gas × 125/9 + 394.26
°F = Gas × 25 + 250
°R = Gas × 25 + 709.67
°Rø = (Gas × 125/9 + 121.11) × 21/40 + 7.5
°N = (Gas × 125/9 + 121.11) × 33/100
°D = (100 – (Gas × 125/9 + 121.11)) × 3/2
°Ré = (Gas × 125/9 + 121.11) × 4/5
°L = Gas × 125/9 + 374.11
°W = (Gas × 125/9 – 458.89) × 7/130
To Gas Mark
Gas = (°C – 121.11) × 9/125
Gas = (K – 394.26) × 9/125
Gas = (°F – 250) / 25
Gas = (°R – 709.67) / 25
Gas = ((°Rø – 7.5) × 40/21 – 121.11) × 9/125
Gas = (°N × 100/33 – 121.11) × 9/125
Gas = (100 – °D × 2/3 – 121.11) × 9/125
Gas = (°Ré × 5/4 – 121.11) × 9/125
Gas = (°L – 374.11) × 9/125
Gas = (°W × 130/7 + 458.89) × 9/125
From Leiden (°L)
°C = °L – 253
K = °L + 20.15
°F = (°L – 253) × 9/5 + 32
°R = (°L – 253) × 9/5 + 491.67
°Rø = (°L – 253) × 21/40 + 7.5
°N = (°L – 253) × 33/100
°D = (353 – °L) × 3/2
°Ré = (°L – 253) × 4/5
Gas = (°L – 374.11) × 9/125
°W = (°L – 833) × 7/130
To Leiden (°L)
°L = °C + 253
°L = K – 20.15
°L = (°F – 32) × 5/9 + 253
°L = (°R – 491.67) × 5/9 + 253
°L = (°Rø – 7.5) × 40/21 + 253
°L = °N × 100/33 + 253
°L = 353 – °D × 2/3
°L = °Ré × 5/4 + 253
°L = Gas × 125/9 + 374.11
°L = °W × 130/7 + 833
From Wedgwood (°W)
°C = °W × 130/7 + 580
K = °W × 130/7 + 853.15
°F = (°W × 130/7 + 580) × 9/5 + 32
°R = (°W × 130/7 + 580) × 9/5 + 491.67
°Rø = (°W × 130/7 + 580) × 21/40 + 7.5
°N = (°W × 130/7 + 580) × 33/100
°D = (100 – (°W × 130/7 + 580)) × 3/2
°Ré = (°W × 130/7 + 580) × 4/5
Gas = (°W × 130/7 + 458.89) × 9/125
°L = °W × 130/7 + 833
To Wedgwood (°W)
°W = (°C – 580) × 7/130
°W = (K – 853.15) × 7/130
°W = ((°F – 32) × 5/9 – 580) × 7/130
°W = ((°R – 491.67) × 5/9 – 580) × 7/130
°W = ((°Rø – 7.5) × 40/21 – 580) × 7/130
°W = (°N × 100/33 – 580) × 7/130
°W = (100 – °D × 2/3 – 580) × 7/130
°W = (°Ré × 5/4 – 580) × 7/130
°W = (Gas × 125/9 + 121.11 – 580) × 7/130
°W = (°L – 833) × 7/130
From Celsius (C)
K = C + 273.15
°F = C × 9/5 + 32
°R = C × 9/5 + 491.67
°Rø = C × 21/40 + 7.5
°N = C × 33/100
°D = (100 – C) × 3/2
°Ré = C × 4/5
Gas = (C – 121.11) × 9/125
°L = C + 253
°W = (C – 580) × 7/130
To Celsius (C)
C = K – 273.15
C = (°F – 32) × 5/9
C = (°R – 491.67) × 5/9
C = (°Rø – 7.5) × 40/21
C = °N × 100/33
C = 100 – °D × 2/3
C = °Ré × 5/4
C = Gas × 125/9 + 121.11
C = °L – 253
C = °W × 130/7 + 580
Direct Conversion Examples
Fahrenheit ↔ Kelvin:
K = (°F + 459.67) × 5/9
°F = K × 9/5 – 459.67
K = (°F + 459.67) × 5/9
°F = K × 9/5 – 459.67
Fahrenheit ↔ Rankine:
°R = °F + 459.67
°F = °R – 459.67
°R = °F + 459.67
°F = °R – 459.67
Kelvin ↔ Rankine:
°R = K × 9/5
K = °R × 5/9
°R = K × 9/5
K = °R × 5/9
Réaumur ↔ Fahrenheit:
°F = °Ré × 9/4 + 32
°Ré = (°F – 32) × 4/9
°F = °Ré × 9/4 + 32
°Ré = (°F – 32) × 4/9